In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Pteridium aquilinum Ethanol Extract on Antioxidant, Anticholinesterase, and A549 Cell Viability
Biological Activities of Pteridium aquilinum
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1071/ejmbs.v6i1.82Keywords:
Pteridium aquilinum, antioxidant activity, cholinesterase inhibition, A549 cells, MTT assayAbstract
This study investigated the antioxidant properties of Pteridium aquilinum ethanol extract, its inhibitory effect on cholinesterase enzymes, and its effect on the viability of A549 human lung cancer cells. Plant samples collected from Antalya province were dried and ground, then extracted using ethanol via the Soxhlet method. The oxidant-antioxidant profile of the extract was determined by total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) analyses. Anticholinesterase activity was examined against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes using the Ellman method, with galantamine considered as the reference inhibitor. The effect on the viability of A549 cells was analyzed using the MTT method in the concentration range of 25–200 µg/mL. The TAS, TOS, and OSI values of P. aquilinum extract were determined as 3.177±0.024 mmol/L, 8.364±0.022 µmol/L, and 0.263±0.002, respectively. The IC₅₀ values of the extract against AChE and BChE enzymes were found to be 162.10±0.12 and 184.93±1.47 µg/mL, respectively, while these values were measured as 7.52±0.19 and 17.48±0.11 µg/mL for galantamine. Although the inhibitory effect of the extract on AChE was higher than on BChE, its activity against both enzymes remained lower than that of galantamine. MTT results showed that as the extract concentration increased, the metabolic activity of A549 cells decreased, with the most pronounced effect observed at 100 and 200 µg/mL applications. The findings revealed that P. aquilinum ethanol extract possesses measurable antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties and can reduce A549 cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. However, due to the toxic components of the species, the observed biological activities need to be evaluated in conjunction with safety and selectivity analyses.
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